@MastersThesis{Freitas:2021:ExInFl,
author = "De Freitas, Ana Larissa Ribeiro",
title = "Exposi{\c{c}}{\~a}o a inc{\^e}ndios florestais em unidades de
conserva{\c{c}}{\~a}o de uso sustent{\'a}vel na Amaz{\^o}nia",
school = "Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)",
year = "2021",
address = "S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos",
month = "2021-05-28",
keywords = "Unidades de conserva{\c{c}}{\~a}o, Exposi{\c{c}}{\~a}o a
inc{\^e}ndios florestais, Uso e cobertura da terra, Secas,
Conservation units, Exposure to forest fires, Land use and land
cover, Dried.",
abstract = "A din{\^a}mica dos inc{\^e}ndios tem sido intensificada nas
{\'u}ltimas d{\'e}cadas na regi{\~a}o do Baixo Tapaj{\'o}s
devido {\`a} atua{\c{c}}{\~a}o de processos de desmatamentos,
extremos clim{\'a}ticos e utiliza{\c{c}}{\~a}o do fogo na
manuten{\c{c}}{\~a}o das {\'a}reas agropecu{\'a}rias. A
regi{\~a}o abrange duas Unidades de Conserva{\c{c}}{\~a}o de
Uso Sustent{\'a}vel (UCs) - a Floresta Nacional do Tapaj{\'o}s
(FLONA) e a Reserva Extrativista Tapaj{\'o}s- Arapiuns (RESEX) -
nas quais, devido ao aumento de escapes do fogo durante o manejo
da terra e {\`a} press{\~a}o do entorno, as
popula{\c{c}}{\~o}es t{\^e}m enfrentado desafios para preservar
os modos de vida tradicionais e promover a conserva{\c{c}}{\~a}o
das florestas. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar dados
ambientais e de gest{\~a}o territorial para entender a
intera{\c{c}}{\~a}o entre estes processos e construir o
{\'{\I}}ndice de Exposi{\c{c}}{\~a}o a Inc{\^e}ndios
Florestais (IEif) para quantificar as diferentes press{\~o}es
impostas nas UCs em decorr{\^e}ncia do fogo. Para isto,
delimitaram-se quatro objetivos espec{\'{\i}}ficos: i)
determinar as din{\^a}micas espa{\c{c}}o-temporais associadas
aos focos de calor entre 2003 e 2019; ii) identificar e
quantificar as altera{\c{c}}{\~o}es na paisagem e como esta
influencia e {\'e} influenciada pelo fogo; iii) caracterizar os
padr{\~o}es espa{\c{c}}o-temporais das vari{\'a}veis
meteorol{\'o}gicas e suas rela{\c{c}}{\~o}es com a
ocorr{\^e}ncia de focos de calor na {\'a}rea de estudo; e, iv)
integrar os produtos dos objetivos anteriores para construir o
IEif para o ano de 2019. A recorr{\^e}ncia de focos de calor
obtida na {\'a}rea de estudo foi de at{\'e} 17 anos,
principalmente na zona de amortecimento da FLONA, {\'a}rea com
maior densidade de estradas. Ap{\'o}s a ocorr{\^e}ncia dos focos
de calor na floresta prim{\'a}ria, dois processos foram
observados: o primeiro refere-se {\`a} regenera{\c{c}}{\~a}o
natural, posto que no local n{\~a}o houve convers{\~a}o da
floresta para outra classe de uso at{\'e} o final da s{\'e}rie
estudada. O segundo processo {\'e} a mudan{\c{c}}a da cobertura
da terra ap{\'o}s o registro de foco de calor no local. Caso a
convers{\~a}o ocorra nos primeiros anos, acredita-se que o fogo
tenha tido papel fundamental para a altera{\c{c}}{\~a}o
acontecer. No entanto, quando a mudan{\c{c}}a leva mais tempo
para ocorrer, de 8 a 16 anos, acredita-se que o fogo tenha sido um
agente de degrada{\c{c}}{\~a}o pontual, e que a {\'a}rea foi
submetida a um desmatamento, perdendo a caracter{\'{\i}}stica de
floresta. A ocorr{\^e}ncia de focos de calor aumenta quando o
acumulado de precipita{\c{c}}{\~a}o em 15 dias {\'e} menor do
que 30 mm e {\'e} mais associada a temperaturas entre 30ºC e 34ºC
no dia de seu registro. As regi{\~o}es que apresentam maior IEif
indicam {\'a}reas de maior exposi{\c{c}}{\~a}o a inc{\^e}ndios
florestais. Os valores mais altos - acima de 0,8 - s{\~a}o
observados principalmente na {\'a}rea de entorno da FLONA e na
RESEX ao longo das margens dos rios Arapiuns e Tapaj{\'o}s. Estas
{\'a}reas com alta exposi{\c{c}}{\~a}o a inc{\^e}ndios
florestais recobrem uma regi{\~a}o de 2.775 km² no entorno da
FLONA e de 440 km² na RESEX. A aplica{\c{c}}{\~a}o da abordagem
desenvolvida nesta pesquisa {\'e} {\'u}til para indicar onde e
como ocorrem as intera{\c{c}}{\~o}es m{\'u}tuas entre focos de
calor, paisagem, uso e cobertura da terra, comportamento
clim{\'a}tico e a gest{\~a}o territorial. A metodologia
desenvolvida nesta disserta{\c{c}}{\~a}o pode potencialmente ser
replicada para as demais UC da Amaz{\^o}nia a fim de subsidiar o
entendimento e estrat{\'e}gias de gest{\~a}o da amea{\c{c}}a do
fogo. Ressalta-se a import{\^a}ncia do esfor{\c{c}}o para a
utiliza{\c{c}}{\~a}o de uma abordagem integrada para a
gera{\c{c}}{\~a}o de produtos que possam auxiliar no
subs{\'{\i}}dio ao planejamento e gest{\~a}o territorial destas
UCs frente {\`a}s press{\~o}es internas e externas. Uma vez que
a constru{\c{c}}{\~a}o de pol{\'{\i}}ticas p{\'u}blicas a
partir da integra{\c{c}}{\~a}o entre popula{\c{c}}{\~o}es,
especialistas e tomadores de decis{\~a}o tem potencial para a
defini{\c{c}}{\~a}o de estrat{\'e}gias efetivas de
conserva{\c{c}}{\~a}o socioambiental a longo prazo. ABSTRACT:
The dynamics of fires have been intensified in recent decades in
the Lower Tapaj{\'o}s region, eastern Brazilian Amazonia, due to
the deforestation processes, climatic extremes and the use of fire
in the maintenance of agricultural areas. The study region of this
research encompasses two Sustainable Use Conservation Units (CUs)
- the Tapaj{\'o}s National Forest (FLONA) and the
Tapaj{\'o}s-Arapiuns Extractive Reserve (RESEX) - in which, due
to increased fire escapes during land management and pressure from
the surroundings, populations have faced challenges to preserve
traditional ways of life and promote forest conservation. This
research aimed to analyze environmental and territorial management
data to understand the interaction between these processes and
build the Forest Fire Exposure Index (IEif) to quantify the
different pressures imposed by fires. For this, four specific
objectives were delimited: i) to determine the spatiotemporal
dynamics associated with hotspots between 2003 and 2019; ii) to
identify and quantify changes in the landscape and how it
influences and is influenced by fire; iii) to characterize the
spatiotemporal patterns of meteorological variables and their
relationship with the occurrence of hotspots in the study area;
and, iv) to integrate the products of the previous objectives to
build the IEif for the year 2019. The recurrence of hotspots
obtained in the study area was up to 17 years, mainly in the FLONA
buffer zone, an area with high density of roads. After the
occurrence of hotspots in the primary forest, two processes were
observed: the first refers to natural regeneration, since there
was no conversion of the impacted forest to another land use until
the end of the series studied. The second process is the change of
land cover after the hotspot detection. If the conversion occurred
in the first years of the time series, it is believed that fire
played a fundamental role in making the change happen. However,
when the change takes longer to occur, from 8 to 16 years, it is
believed that fire was an agent of punctual degradation, and that
the area was subjected to deforestation, losing the characteristic
of a forest. The occurrence of hotspots increases when the
accumulated rainfall in 15 days is less than 30 mm and is more
associated with temperatures between 30°C and 34°C on the day of
its detection. Regions with higher IEif indicate areas of greater
exposure to fire. The highest values - above 0.8 - are observed
mainly in the area surrounding FLONA and RESEX along the Arapiuns
and Tapaj{\'o}s rivers banks. These areas with high exposure to
fire cover a region of 2,775 km² around FLONA and 440 km² at
RESEX. The application of the approach developed in this research
is useful to indicate where and how the mutual interactions
between hotspots, landscape, land use and cover, climatic behavior
and territorial management occur. The methodology developed in
this dissertation can potentially be replicated to other PAs in
the Amazon in order to support understanding and fire threat
management strategies. The importance of the effort to use an
integrated approach for the generation of products that can help
subsidize the planning and territorial management of these UCs in
the face of internal and external pressures is highlighted. Since
the construction of public policies based on the integration of
populations, specialists and decision makers has the potential to
define effective long-term socio-environmental conservation
strategies.",
committee = "Escada, Maria Isabel Sobral (presidente) and Anderson, Liana
Oighenstein (orientadora) and Ferreira, Joice Nunes and Andrade,
D{\'a}rlison Fernandes Carvalho de and Reis, Jo{\~a}o Bosco
Coura dos",
englishtitle = "Exposure to forest fires in sustainable use conservation units in
the Amazon",
language = "pt",
pages = "134",
ibi = "8JMKD3MGP3W34T/44TSK2L",
url = "http://urlib.net/ibi/8JMKD3MGP3W34T/44TSK2L",
targetfile = "publicacao.pdf",
urlaccessdate = "09 maio 2024"
}